North+American+Political+Organization

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 * Canada: **

Canada's government consists of 3 branches. They are the Judicial Branch, the Legislative Branch, and the Executive branch ( [] ).

The judicial branch is Canada's branch of government that deals with court problems. There are two courts in Canada. They are Federal courts and Provincial courts. Federal courts have three separate courts. They are tax courts (which obviously deals with tax matters), the Federal Court of Canada (which deals with lawsuits and issues against Canada) and the Supreme Court of Canada (which is the highest court) ( [] ). People on Canada's Supreme Court are chosen by the Governor General ( [] ). Provincial courts are lesser courts in Canada that only deal with things like misdemeanors and family matters that involve law. According to [] Provincial courts are also called "inferior" courts and " It is improper to call these courts inferior".
 * Judicial Branch: ** 

Canada's legislative Branch consists is a thing called Parliament. Parliament is made up of the House of Commons and the Senate ( [] ). The House of Commons is the lower court in Canada. The higher court is the Senate ( similar to the United State's legislative Branch). The House of Commons votes on bills that go to the Senate. The House of Commons have 301 seats in it. People run for a seat in the House of Commons every four years. There is also a Speaker of the House of Commons. In the Senate bills are either ratified or denied. They also can make their own bills but these bills only involve certain things. In the Senate there are 105 seats. You can be a Senate member until you are 75, and then you must step down, or retire. Unlike the House of Commons you don't run for the Senate. You are appointed to the job by the Governor General. He gives the person the job on the behalf of the Prime Minister ( [] ).
 * Legislative Branch: **

The last branch of Canada's government is the Executive Branch. The heads of the Executive Branch is the Prime Minister (at this time it is Stephen Harper), the Governor General (who is Michaelle Jean) ( [] ), various Deputy Prime Ministers, ( [] ), The British Monarchy (lead by Queen Elizabeth II) ( [] ), and the Prime Minister's Cabinet. Similar to the United States, Canada's Prime Minister has a cabinet. At the current time a total of 28 people are in it. The Prime Minister decides what his cabinet members handle, except for the Treasury board. The Treasury board is important because if something is approved by the cabinet but needs more money than it is originally granted, it must be passed by the board ( [] ).
 * Executive Branch: **

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The United States Government is split up into three main branches, which are balanced evenly so no one branch is too powerful. The three branches are the Judicial Branch, the Legislative Branch, and the Executive Branch, which all have very different jobs.
 * United States: ** 

The Executive Branch sees to the laws and makes sure that they are all carried out. The President, who is also head of the country, leads the executive branch. He is assisted by the Vice President, who has a similar role. The president, when elected (every four years), selects a group of members called the Cabinet, which help make laws, and help carry out policies in different national areas. ( [] ). As for checks and balances, the executive branch can veto laws passed by the legislative branch, and appoints judges so that the Judicial Branch doesn't get too powerful by choosing judges that are not qualified or would help the Judicial Branch to gain power. ( [] )  The Legislative Branch is made up of Congress, which is split into two parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The basic job of the Legislative branch is to create the laws and then send them to the Executive branch to be checked out and fixed. ( [] ) The Legislative Branch "checks" the other branches by removing & appointing judges in the Judicial Branch, and can even override a presidential veto( [] ).  The Judicial Branch consists of the Supreme Court, but there are also many other federal courts that handle things, as well. The main job of the Judicial Branch is to make sure that the laws passed are constitutional. If not, they are called unconstitutional, and then they are rejected. Also, there are courts for small claims ( [] ). As said on [] " **There are two kinds of cases that the courts hear criminal ** **and civil ** **cases. Civil cases have to do with people's rights being violated. Criminal cases have to do with crimes that have been committed." **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Judicial Branch checks the other branches by: (a) declaring laws passed by the executive branch unconstitutional. (b) can declare laws passed by the legislative branch unconstitutional.( [] )
 * Executive Branch: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Legislative Branch: ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Judicial Branch ** ** : **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">



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 * <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 48pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msobidifontstyle: italic; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman';">Mexico: ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Mexico's government has four different parts, much like it's fellow countries'. These four parts are local governments, state governments, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch.

Mexico has local governments called Municipalities. Interesting thousands of these Municipalities have existed. Municipalities control multiple things in a town. This can range from sewage control to maintaining parks ( [] ). Municipalities are lead by municipal presidents or mayors. The mayor/municipal president usually is elected for terms of three years ( [] ). Along with the mayor/municipal president a municipal council is also part of the Municipalities. Municipalities are allowed to collect taxes but usually don't. They usually just get most of their money from the Federal Government ( [] ).
 * Local Governments: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Mexico has 32 official state governments; one for each state inside of Mexico, plus one for Mexico itself: (the following chart has been copied from [] [|**Baja California**] [|**Baja California Sur**] [|**Campeche**] [|**Chiapas**] [|**Chihuahua**] [|**Coahuila**] [|**Colima**] [|**Durango**] [|**Federal District (Mexico City)**] [|**Guanajuato**] [|**Guerrero**] [|**Hidalgo**] [|**Jalisco**] [|**Mexico (state)**] [|**Michoacan**] || || || || <span style="color: blue; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; text-align: center;">[|**Morelos**] [|**Nayarit**] [|**Nuevo Leon**] [|**Oaxaca**] [|**Puebla**] [|**Queretaro**] [|**Quintana Roo**] [|**San Luis Potosi**] [|**Sinaloa**] [|**Sonora**] [|**Tabasco**] [|**Tamaulipas**] [|**Tlaxcala**] [|**Veracruz**] [|**Yucatan**] [|**Zacatecas**] ||
 * State Governments: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="color: blue; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; text-align: center;">[|**Aguascalientes**]

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The state governments are lead by a governor, who serves a six-year term, and is not reelected. "In addition to performing his municipal duties, the mayor also holds cabinet rank as head of the Department of the Federal District. In September 1993, the congress approved an electoral reform package that introduced the indirect election of the mayor of the Federal District." as quoted from [].

Another one of Mexico's four parts of government is the judicial branch. The judicial branch is the branch of government that deals with courts. Similar to Canada and the United States, Mexico has a Supreme Court. The Supreme Court judges must meet several requirements to be a member though. They are (according to [] ) "must be Mexican citizens by birth, thirty-five to sixty-five years old, and must have resided in Mexico and held a law degree during the five years preceding their nomination". Three types of lesser courts in Mexico are "Collegiate Circuit Courts", "District Courts", and "Unitary Circuit Courts" also according to [].
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Judicial Branch: ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Mexico's Legislative branch is actually quite similar to the United States' legislative branch. The Mexican National Congress, or //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Congresa de la Union //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">, have "128 seats; 96 members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 seats are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote," as quoted from [], and "Federal Chamber of Deputies or Camara Federal de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are elected by popular vote; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote; to serve three-year terms" according to [].
 * Legislative Branch: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">



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